Severe asthma is a type of asthma that is characterized by frequent exacerbations, or "flare-ups," and difficulty controlling symptoms with traditional asthma medications. The treatment of severe asthma may include a combination of medications and lifestyle changes.
The medications used to treat severe asthma are typically more potent than those used to treat mild to moderate asthma and may include:
- Inhaled corticosteroids: These are the most commonly used medications for asthma and are used to reduce inflammation in the airways. They are usually taken daily and are the first line of treatment for severe asthma.
- Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs): These medications are used to relax the muscles in the airways and make it easier to breathe. They are usually used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids.
- Leukotriene modifiers: These medications work by blocking leukotrienes, which are chemicals that can cause inflammation in the airways.
- Theophylline: This is a bronchodilator that can help to open up the airways and make it easier to breathe.
- Biologics: These medications target specific parts of the immune system that are involved in the development of asthma. They are used for patients with moderate to severe asthma that is not well controlled by traditional asthma medications.
- Oral corticosteroids: These medications are used to reduce inflammation in the airways, but they are usually reserved for short-term use during an exacerbation.
- Antibiotics: When asthma is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics will be prescribed.
Lifestyle changes can also help to manage severe asthma, including:
- Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding things that can trigger asthma symptoms, such as cigarette smoke, pets, and certain types of food.
- Staying active: Regular physical activity can help to improve lung function and reduce asthma symptoms.
- Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of asthma and make it harder to control symptoms.
- Getting enough sleep: Lack of sleep can worsen asthma symptoms.
It's important to work with a healthcare professional, such as allergist/immunologist or pulmonologist, to develop an individualized treatment plan for severe asthma. The treatment plan will be adjusted based on the severity and the response to the therapy. Regular monitoring and follow-up visits are also important to assess the effectiveness of the treatment, and to make adjustments as necessary.
Source: Vivacare
Last updated : 1/27/2023